Indian Climate
Factors affecting climate, monsoon system, western disturbances, cyclones, climatic regions, and contemporary issues.
Indian Drainage System
Himalayan and Peninsular rivers, tributaries, river linking, flood-prone regions, and major dams with analytical insights.
Physiography of India
Analysis of the Physiography of India covering Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plains, Islands, mountain passes, and their significance.
Oceanography
Ocean relief, currents, Coriolis effect, tides, salinity, temperature distribution, ocean processes, marine resources, and climate impact.
Climatology
Atmospheric structure, heat budget, winds, monsoon, jet streams, cyclones, ENSO, and climate change with analytical insights.
Geomorphology (Landforms)
Geomorphology – Forces shaping Earth, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, weathering, erosion, and major landforms with examples and analysis.
